India Strengthens Defense Bonds with Bangladesh to Counterbalance China

In a move that underscores the burgeoning defense and economic partnership between India and Bangladesh, the two nations inked a series of pivotal agreements aimed at enhancing cooperation in key sectors such as maritime security, ocean economy, space, and telecommunications. This significant development came during the visit of Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to New Delhi. A visit, it should be noted, that marked her as the first foreign leader to meet with Prime Minister Narendra Modi since he commenced his third term two weeks ago. The timing and substance of these agreements highlight India’s ambition to solidify its position as a regional powerhouse and a counterbalance to China’s growing influence.

Modi warmly welcomed Bangladesh’s decision to join the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative, an endeavor designed to expand and facilitate regional cooperation among India’s maritime neighbors. This move is not just symbolic but strategic, as it demonstrates a shared commitment to fostering a secure and prosperous Indo-Pacific region. Bangladesh’s inclusion in this initiative could pave the way for more collaborative efforts in maritime security and sustainable ocean economy practices, benefiting both nations and the broader region.

However, the geopolitical landscape for Bangladesh is a complex one to navigate. While it maintains robust trade ties with China, its major supplier of raw materials, Bangladesh also juggles diplomatic and trade relationships with India and the United States—China’s primary global competitors. This balancing act is particularly evident in Bangladesh’s garment industry, which accounts for more than 80% of its foreign currency from exports and is heavily reliant on Chinese raw materials. Yet, the expanding relationship with India suggests a strategic pivot that could offer Dhaka more balanced economic and diplomatic options.

India’s role as a significant economic partner to Bangladesh is not to be underestimated. Over the past eight years, New Delhi has loaned Dhaka a substantial $8 billion to boost infrastructure development. These investments have not only fostered economic growth but have also strengthened bilateral ties. Since Sheikh Hasina’s Awami League party came to power in 2009, she has taken concrete steps to address India’s security concerns, particularly regarding Indian militant groups seeking refuge in Bangladesh. This cooperation has been a cornerstone in fortifying the relationship between the two nations.

The issue of illegal immigration from Bangladesh to India has long been a contentious point, straining bilateral relations. Nevertheless, the economic interdependence between the two countries remains strong. India stands as Bangladesh’s largest export destination in Asia, with New Delhi primarily exporting goods such as cotton, motor vehicles, sugar, iron, steel, aluminum, and electronic equipment to Bangladesh. In return, it imports key commodities like cereal, pulp paper, board, cement, and raw hides from its eastern neighbor.

In conclusion, the recent agreements between India and Bangladesh mark a significant step in strengthening their multifaceted relationship. By expanding cooperation in critical areas such as maritime security and the ocean economy, both nations are not only enhancing their bilateral ties but also contributing to regional stability and prosperity. The balancing act that Bangladesh performs in maintaining relationships with major global powers adds an intriguing layer to this partnership, one that will undoubtedly shape the future geopolitical landscape of South Asia.